A testforma és a fizikai aktivitás. A magyar gyermekek testformájának, testi fejlődésének alakulása a szabadidő eltöltésének függvényében.

Vitályos, Gábor Áron (2014) A testforma és a fizikai aktivitás. A magyar gyermekek testformájának, testi fejlődésének alakulása a szabadidő eltöltésének függvényében. ANTHROPOLOGIAI KÖZLEMÉNYEK, 55. pp. 71-78. ISSN 0003-5440

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Abstract

T he effect of physical activity and inactivity on body shape and body composition in prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal children. w as analyzed. A subsample (9974 boys and 9610 girls aged between 7 – 18) of the 2nd Hungarian Representative Growth Study (2003 – 2006) was used to t est our hypotheses. The differences in the level of physical activity and inactivity by age and gender; the relationship between the groups of spare time activities – characterized by intensive physical activity and physical inactivity; the spare time acti vities of children living in different micro and macro socio - economic environments; and the influence of parental attitude towards physical activity on the level of children’s physical activity were analyzed. The differences between the body structure (bod y composition and body shape) of children of the same chronological age but with different physical activity levels were also estimated. The body mass components were estimated by the Drinkwater - Ross four - component anthropometric method (1980) of body frac tionation. The body shape was estimated by the Heath – Carter somatotyping method (1990) and by the Conrad growth type method (1963). The body proportions were compared by the z - profile of the selected body dimensions. Furthermore, the influence of physical activity level on nutritional status was also assessed. The importance of environmental factors in the forming of physical activity habits in childhood and adolescence was analyzed. By considering the size of the settlements, a new scientific result emerge d, i.e. the level of habitual physical activity was found to depend on the urbanization level of the residence – but only in the girls. The better the socio - economic status of the families, the more intense physical activity was found in both genders. It c ould be also confirm ed that the level of physical activity in children was influenced by their parents’ physical activity level, the parental attitude towards everyday physical activities. By analyzing the importance of the studied environmental factors (t he size of the settlement, the socio - economic status of the family, the parents’ physical activity) on the level of children’s physical activity I could conclude that the parental attitude towards regular physical activity is the most important factor in t he developing of physical activity habits in the studied age - interval.

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