REAL

A KIRÁLYERDŐ KARSZTVIDÉKE: MORFOLÓGIAI KÉRDÉSEK ÉS ÉLET A KARSZTON

Telbisz, Tamás and Boer, Ágnes and Csernátoni, Attila and Imecs, Zoltán and Mari, László and Bottlik, Zsolt and Szabó, Orsolya (2015) A KIRÁLYERDŐ KARSZTVIDÉKE: MORFOLÓGIAI KÉRDÉSEK ÉS ÉLET A KARSZTON. KARST DEVELOPMENT / KARSZTFEJLŐDÉS, 20. pp. 167-184. ISSN 1585-5473

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Abstract

Pădurea Craiului Mts is the northwestern part of Apuseni Mts. 40% of its circa 780 km2 area is built up of karstifiable rocks that makes it the terrain richest in superficial and underground karst landforms in Transylvania. Based on topographic map analysis we counted 2289 dolines, and delineated doline-dominated terrains, where doline density ranges from 2 to 30 dolines per km2. We also performed a field GPS survey of 3 smaller study areas, and our results show that real doline density is 1.5-2.5 times higher than the value calculated from the 1:25 000 scale topographic map, and deviations are more significant in forest-covered terrains. By using the 1” SRTM digital elevation models, we studied the relationship of topography and geological units, the inclination of the trend surface and the characteristics of the drainage network. As large part of the Pădurea Craiului Mts is mixed karst, there are extended non-karstic patches even on the higher terrains, where springs and smaller streams exist. Thus, these terrains are suitable for the formation of settlements, that is a significant difference with respect to many autogeneous karst plateaus. There are some linear (e.g. Damiş) and dispersed (e.g. Zece Hotare) settlements at the higher kartsic terrains of Pădurea Craiului Mts, but many people live along the spring line at the foot of the karstic hills. Based on semi-structured interviews with local people we found that they are more or less aware of living on a karst, they know the relationship between sinkholes and springs, however they often use natural depressions as garbage places. Their living is based firstly on traditional agriculture, which is still the most important but declining resource; secondly on mining of bauxite and refractory clay, but mines ceased to work after the change of regime; and thirdly on tourism. This latter is considered to be a breaking point and recent investments are apparent (e.g. restoration of asphalt roads, opening of new or restored show caves /e.g. Farcu Crystal Cave/, new guesthouses), however its infrastructure is still under-developed and its carrying capacity is low, thus the depopulation of Pădurea Craiului Mts is an ongoing process.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation / földrajz, antropológia, kikapcsolódás > GB Physical geography / leíró földrajz
Depositing User: dr. Tamás Telbisz
Date Deposited: 25 Sep 2015 11:35
Last Modified: 10 Jul 2016 10:57
URI: http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/27912

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