Hajdúnánás-Tedej – Lyukas-halom: egy alföldi kurgán régészeti értékelése és természettudományos vizsgálata

Barczi, Attila and Horváth, Tünde and Pető, Ákos and Dani, János (2012) Hajdúnánás-Tedej – Lyukas-halom: egy alföldi kurgán régészeti értékelése és természettudományos vizsgálata. In: Környezet – Ember – Kultúra: Az alkalmazott természettudományok és a régészet párbeszéde. Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Nemzeti Örökségvédelmi Központ, Budapest, pp. 25-45. ISBN 978-963-88584-8-1

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Abstract

Kurgans are special man-made flatland formations of the endless steppe of Eurasia. The multidisciplinary excavation of Hajdúnánás-Tedej – Lyukas-halom, one of the typical Pit Grave kurgans in the Great Hungarian Plain region is presented in the paper. For centuries, archaeology has been the primary science to examine these objects. The buried soil profiles under burial mounds (kurgans) are the messengers of ancient landscape forming factors, soil generation processes and palaeobotanical patterns. Results from palaeopedology, soil micromorphology, geochemistry, palaeobotany (phytolith analysis and palynology) and archaeology are summarised in order to understand the evolution, construction and the former palaeoenvironment of the kurgan and its close vicinity. Based on the results gained from the various disciplines and the archaeological findings excavated at the kurgan the study gives an insight into the Late Copper Age and Early Bronze Age 1-2 periods including the Boleráz / Baden, Coţofeni, Pit-Grave, Makó and Nyírség cultures in north-eastern Hungary. Geochemical analysis underlines that the kurgan was built in several, separate stages. Palaeobotanical results have underlined the existence of a central ridge inhabited by (semi)xerofi l steppe vegetation and lower microrelief depressions around it. Although phytoliths have shown the possible existence of a grove-like habitat, arboreal pollen is underrepresented in the samples. This is complemented by the palaeopedological analysis of the buried soil profi le under the formation, which was identifi ed as a Chernozem soil. Palynological analysis has drawn the attention on the probable human impact in the outer skirts of the later kurgan as weed species have occurred in higher concentrations in the examined samples.

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