Hydroximic acid derivatives : pleiotropic HSP co-inducers restoring homeostasis and robustness

Crul, Tim and Tóth, Noémi and Piotto, Stefano and Literati-Nagy, Péter and Tory, Kálmán and Haldimann, Pierre and Kalmár, Bernadett and Török, Zsolt and Greensmith, Linda and Balogh, Gábor and Gombos, Imre and Nagy, Gábor and Gallyas, Ferenc and Berente, Zoltán and Péter, Mária and Glatz, Attila and Hunya, Ákos and Literati-Nagy, Zsuzsanna and Vígh, László Jr. and Korányi, László and Szilvássy, Zoltán and Mandl, József and Sümegi, Balázs and Horváth, Ibolya and Vígh, László (2013) Hydroximic acid derivatives : pleiotropic HSP co-inducers restoring homeostasis and robustness. CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN, 19 (3). pp. 309-46. ISSN 1381-6128

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Abstract

According to the "membrane sensor" hypothesis, the membrane's physical properties and microdomain organization play an initiating role in the heat shock response. Clinical conditions such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases are all coupled with specific changes in the physical state and lipid composition of cellular membranes and characterized by altered heat shock protein levels in cells suggesting that these "membrane defects" can cause suboptimal hsp-gene expression. Such observations provide a new rationale for the introduction of novel, heat shock protein modulating drug candidates. Intercalating compounds can be used to alter membrane properties and by doing so normalize dysregulated expression of heat shock proteins, resulting in a beneficial therapeutic effect for reversing the pathological impact of disease. The membrane (and lipid) interacting hydroximic acid (HA) derivatives discussed in this review physiologically restore the heat shock protein stress response, creating a new class of "membrane-lipid therapy" pharmaceuticals. The diseases that HA derivatives potentially target are diverse and include, among others, insulin resistance and diabetes, neuropathy, atrial fibrillation, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. At a molecular level HA derivatives are broad spectrum, multi-target compounds as they fluidize yet stabilize membranes and remodel their lipid rafts while otherwise acting as PARP inhibitors. The HA derivatives have the potential to ameliorate disparate conditions, whether of acute or chronic nature. Many of these diseases presently are either untreatable or inadequately treated with currently available pharmaceuticals. Ultimately, the HA derivatives promise to play a major role in future pharmacotherapy.

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