Evaluation of yield traits and tolerance indices of different wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions

Mahdavi, Zahra and Rashidi, Varahram and Yarnia, Mehrdad and Aharizad, Saeid and Roustaii, Mozaffar (2023) Evaluation of yield traits and tolerance indices of different wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 51 (3). pp. 659-669. ISSN 0133-3720 (print), 1788-9170 (online)

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Abstract

Drought stress negatively influences the production and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as one of the world’s three important cereal crops. This field experiment was conducted to evaluate the morphological, yield and physiological characters of 15 modern and elite experimental wheat genotypes under irrigation and drought stress (no irrigation from pollination until the end of the growing season) during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons. The results showed that the grain yield, 1000-grain weight, harvest index as morphological traits and relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, electrolyte leakage, proline as physiological traits were influenced by drought stress. The grain yield of all genotypes was reduced due to the reduction of grain number per spike or 1000-grain weight in response to drought stress. The wheat genotypes showed significant differences with regards to relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline and electrolyte leakage under both conditions. In all genotypes, RWC and photosynthetic pigments were decreased; however, proline and electrolyte leakage were increased under drought stress. The correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant correlation between grain yield with biomass, No. grain per spike, No. spike per plant, 1000-grain weight, and main stem length. In drought stressed genotypes grain yield was significantly associated with RWC and negatively correlated with electrolyte leakage and proline content. Tolerant genotypes were selected according to results of drought tolerance indices. According to obtained data URBWYT4 with high mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and harmonic mean (HARM) but relatively low stress tolerance (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) performed well in both conditions. This conclusion was supported by the results from morphological, yield and physiological traits.

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