Középkori régészet II. A keltezés módszertana

Holl, Imre (2009) Középkori régészet II. A keltezés módszertana. Archaeologiai Értesítő, 134 (1). pp. 117-129. ISSN 0003-8032

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Abstract

Az interdiszciplináris követelmények után a keltezés leggyakoribb módjait vázoljuk, hangsúlyozva használatuk lehetőségeit és korlátait. Többféle módszer egybevetése esetén is az ásatási megfigyelés adatai az elsődlegesek. | Following the topic of the previous paper (HOLL 2005a), we discuss questions of methodology – in this paper focusing on archaeological dating, considering possible sources of error, and critical use of the results.The most important, primary method is stratigraphy, which could establish the relative dating of the finds. Stratigraphical protocols should be followed through the excavations, and observations should be documented properly, as this is the cornerstone of authenticity, and thus one of the main responsibilities of the excavator. Critical analysis of style might be helpful for some archaeological material, especially for finding analogies. It helps with the material with artistic qualities – goldsmith’s work, ornamental pottery, stove tiles, architectural carved stones – too: in recognising workshops, or establishing dating.Although there are researchers, who deny the applicability, or refrain from using tipology, it is fundamental, used together with stratigraphy, for dating many finds. It uses stratigraphic information itself. Tipology is often unable to provide better dating than 50–100 years, but for certain types it can be more precise (in these cases datings are used even by those who would not attempt using tipology otherwise). The preconditions of tipology are: a priori grouping, and defining types within the groups, regional data collection, use of well-dated finds. Useful not only for dating, but can help finding regional/cultural differences, or finding destinations of long distance commerce.The use of written sources could help in absolute dating – but one needs to know its limitations (see Holl 2005a, 181–182, also in the case of pictures).

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