Water balance calculation method for urban areas examples from Hungary

Hajnal, Géza (2007) Water balance calculation method for urban areas examples from Hungary. Central European Geology, 50 (4). pp. 331-341. ISSN 1788-2281

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Abstract

Abstract A new water balance calculation has been worked out that considers the effect of urbanization. This calculation method was applied to evaluate the water balance of the historic center of Budapest, the Buda Castle Hill, where an intensive network of cellars is found. The method, a combination of hydrogeologic tests and field measurements, was also tested in other Hungarian cities where underground structures are common, such as Eger, Pécs and Veszprém. The calculation considers both natural and anthropogenic water sources. Beside the commonly-used natural factors such as precipitation, evaporation, runoff, infiltration, etc. it also employs input parameters such as broken pipelines and sewer systems. The water losses of these waterworks significantly influence the natural water balance and provide additional and very often significant water input into the water system. The new method is of great importance in designing and planning remedial actions for historic cities, where the built environment, cellars and natural caves are endangered by infiltrating water. Another feedback of the method is the application of the results in the long-term planning strategy of public works supplying or using water (water works, sewer system and energy sector).

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