Developmental Role of Macrophage Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Signaling in Type-2 Diabetes

Jourdan, T. and Szanda, Gergő and Cinar, R. and Godlewski, G. and Holovac, D. J. (2017) Developmental Role of Macrophage Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Signaling in Type-2 Diabetes. DIABETES, 66. pp. 994-1007. ISSN 0012-1797

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Abstract

Islet inflammation promotes beta-cell loss and type-2 diabetes (T2D), a process replicated in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats in which beta-cell loss has been linked to cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R)-induced pro-inflammatory signaling in macrophages infiltrating pancreatic islets. Here, we analyzed CB1R signaling in macrophages and its developmental role in T2Dalpha. ZDF rats with global deletion of CB1R are protected from beta-cell loss, hyperglycemia and nephropathy present in ZDF littermates. Adoptive transfer of CB1R-/- bone marrow to ZDF rats also prevents beta-cell loss and hyperglycemia, but not nephropathy. ZDF islets contain elevated levels of CB1R, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, the chemokine CCL2 and interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5), a marker of M1 inflammatory macrophage polarization. In primary cultured rodent and human macrophages, CB1R activation increased Irf5 expression, whereas knockdown of Irf5 blunted CB1R-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines without affecting CCL2 expression, which was p38MAPKalpha-dependent. Macrophage-specific in vivo knockdown of Irf5 protected ZDF rats from beta-cell loss and hyperglycemia. Thus, IRF5 is a crucial downstream mediator of diabetogenic CB1R signaling in macrophages and a potential therapeutic target.

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