Effects of ambient temperature in association with photoperiod on phenology and on the expressions of major plant developmental genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Kiss, Tibor and Dixon, Laura E. and Soltész, Alexandra and Bányai, Judit and Mayer, Marianna and Balla, Krisztina and Allard, Vincent and Galiba, Gábor and Slafer, Gustavo A. and Griffiths, Simon and Veisz, Ottó Bálint and Karsai, Ildikó (2017) Effects of ambient temperature in association with photoperiod on phenology and on the expressions of major plant developmental genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT, 40 (8). pp. 1629-1642. ISSN 0140-7791

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Abstract

Abstract In addition to its role in vernalization, temperature is an important environmental stimulus in determining plant growth and development. We used factorial combinations of two photoperiods (16H, 12H) and three temperature levels (11oC, 18oC, and 25oC) to study the temperature responses of 19 wheat cultivars with established genetic relationships. Temperature produced more significant effects on plant development than photoperiod, with This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. strong genotypic components. Wheat genotypes with PPD-D1 photoperiod sensitive allele were sensitive to temperature; their development was delayed by higher temperature, which intensified under non-inductive conditions. The effect of temperature on plant development was not proportional; it influenced the stem elongation to the largest extent, warmer temperature lengthened the lag phase between the detection of first node and the beginning of intensive stem elongation. The gene expression patterns of VRN1, VRN2 and PPD1 were also significantly modified by temperature, while VRN3 was more chronologically regulated. The associations between VRN1 and VRN3 gene expression with early apex development were significant in all treatments, but was only significant for later plant developmental phases under optimal conditions (16H and 18oC). Under 16H, the magnitude of the transient peak expression of VRN2 observed at 18oC and 25oC associated with the later developmental phases. Key words: wheat, temperature, photoperiod, apex and plant development, VRN1, VRN2, VRN3 and PPD1 gene expressions

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