On Stateform of Hungary between 1920 and 1944: Applicability of the Term „Monarchy without a King”

Takács, Péter (2019) On Stateform of Hungary between 1920 and 1944: Applicability of the Term „Monarchy without a King”. JOURNAL ON EUROPEAN HISTORY OF LAW, 10 (2). 139 -148. ISSN 2042-6402

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Abstract

The official form of state of Hungary between 1920 and 1944 was „monarchy”. Since this country did not have a king for a long time, however, it is often interpreted, even in academic analyses, in a way that it was, in fact, a kingdom with an unspecified monarch, viz. without a king that could have been determined. At the level of state forms, this ambivalent situation of a „kingless kingdom” is expressed by the category „monarchy without a king”. Some legal scholars consider this category to be one of the particular variants of monarchy, while others argue that it might be conceived at a certain point on the scale between the two main types of state forms, namely between monarchy and republic. This paper analyzes the origin of the term „monarchy without a king”, its meaning in public law and its interpretation within the framework of Hungarian legal history. In the latter respect, it raises the questions whether the term can be used to define and characterize the Hungarian state-form in the Horthy era, and if so, what specific meaning it conveys.

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