Hospes rights and Árpád-era towns

Blazovich, László (2022) Hospes rights and Árpád-era towns. In: Kings and Saints : The Age of the Árpáds. Publications of the Institute of Hungarian Research (6). Magyarságkutató Intézet; Szent István Király Múzeum, Budapest, Székesfehérvár, pp. 47-64. ISBN 9786156117656

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Abstract

The great migration upset the geographical location and legal order of the peoples who had lived in Europe until then, and gave birth to new states; nevertheless, the migration of individuals and groups for various reasons did not stop there. Movements from north to south and vice versa continued, but the dominant direction was from west to east. Overpopulation was the driving force behind much of the migration. In the north, the Frisians and the Dutch set off towards the Polish territories and the Principality of Kiev, while further south, many of the Walloons and French began their migratory journeys. Many of them reached the Carpathian Basin, probably at that time already travelling along the Danube, or rather its valley. In time, these peoples were followed by the Germans. These foreigners with free status were called hospes, ‘guests’ or ‘guest settlers’ in Hungary, regardless of their social status, whether they were clerics, knights, craftsmen or peasants. Later, Hungarians and Slavs who migrated individually and in groups within the territory of Hungary were also called hospes.

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