Diplomatic interactions between the Crusades and the Árpád-era Kingdom of Hungary

Terplán, Zoltán (2022) Diplomatic interactions between the Crusades and the Árpád-era Kingdom of Hungary. In: Kings and Saints : The Age of the Árpáds. Publications of the Institute of Hungarian Research (6). Magyarságkutató Intézet; Szent István Király Múzeum, Budapest, Székesfehérvár, pp. 321-350. ISBN 9786156117656

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Abstract

The aim of this study* is to provide an overview of the diplomatic interaction between the Árpád-era Kingdom of Hungary and the Crusades from 1018, when St. Stephen opened the pilgrimage route through Hungary to Jerusalem, until the 1220s, up to the end of András II’s military campaign to the Holy Land. As the scope constraints of the study do not allow a detailed overview of the entire five crusades of the era, I would like to highlight three events of decisive importance. After an overview of the diplomatic history surrounding the opening of the land pilgrimage route to Jerusalem, I will focus on the First Crusade as it was the beginning of a series of nearly two centuries of events that moved the entire Christian world, and coincided with the beginning of the reign of Kálmán the Learned, a prominent ruler of the Árpád dynasty. Next is the diplomatic history review of the Third Crusade, in which King Béla III played a decisive political role in the successful period of medieval Hungarian history: the Hungarian ruler resolved a situation threatening a serious military conflict between the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I and Byzantine Emperor Isaac II. The third topic is the diplomatic history review of the Fifth Crusade led by András II: this was significant not only because of the ruler who issued the Golden Bull of 1222, but also because it was the last of the Crusades in which the Árpád-era Kingdom of Hungary was directly involved.

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