Genetic enhancement of nutritional and end-use quality in bread wheat through alien introgressions from wild relatives

Saini, Pooja and Kaur, Harneet and Tyagi, Vikrant and Yadav, Ajar Nath and Saini, Pawan and Sharma, Varruchi and Singh, Charan and Dhaliwal, H. S. and Sheikh, Imran (2023) Genetic enhancement of nutritional and end-use quality in bread wheat through alien introgressions from wild relatives. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 51 (2). pp. 295-314. ISSN 0133-3720 (print), 1788-9170 (online)

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Abstract

Among the cereal crops, wheat is an important food crop and acts as the staple food for more than half of the world's population. The genetic bottleneck of domestication and modernization has narrowed down the genetic base for different economically important traits in wheat. The involvement of wild species in the wheat hybridization program faced the difficulties of pre- and post-fertilization barriers and the presence of Ph1 locus. The distant crosses provide useful variation which is beneficial for wheat improvement programs. The wild relative species of wheat harbor several important genes for nutritional traits such as gluten protein, micronutrients (grain Fe and Zn), vitamins, and other minerals and play a significant role in end-use quality. The gluten strength relies upon the glutenin protein. The glutenin consists of two types, i.e., high molecular weight glutenins (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenins (LMW-GS) which help in improving wheat processing quality. In wheat, gene transfer occurs as a consequence of direct cross, breeding protocols, and genetic recombination assisted by special manipulation techniques. Alien introgression from wild relatives is an important source of new allelic variation for the genetic enhancement of nutritional quality. The wild relative species such as Aegilops spp., T. boeoticum, and T. dicoccoides have been used in hybridization, and genes related to protein, and micronutrients have been transferred in the cultivated varieties. Through this review, an attempt has been made to compile comprehensive information on the potential of wild species for the improvement of nutritional and end-use quality traits through alien introgression.

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