The relationship of metalinguistic awareness with motivation and proficiency in bi- and multilingual learners of Hungarian as an additional foreign language

Ghanmi, Rabeb and Navracsics, Judit (2021) The relationship of metalinguistic awareness with motivation and proficiency in bi- and multilingual learners of Hungarian as an additional foreign language. ALKALMAZOTT NYELVTUDOMÁNY, 21 (2). pp. 136-154. ISSN 1587-1061

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Abstract

Previous research on metalinguistic awareness has revealed its crucial role in successful additional language learningexperience. Scholars (e.g., Alderson et al, 1997) were interested in the possible effects of individual difference variables, chief among which are motivation and proficiency, on learners’ metalinguistic awareness level. The present study focuses on motivation and proficiency, exploring their relationships with the metalinguistic awareness of multilingual and bilingual learners of Hungarian as an additional foreign language(Ln). It also aims at examining the difference in the level of language motivation and metalinguistic awareness between multilingual and bilingual learners. Twelve bilingual and multilingual international adult learners of Hungarian as an Ln were administered a linguistic background questionnaire, a motivation/attitude questionnaire, and a metalinguistic awareness test. The results of statistical analyses indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between learners’ level of metalinguistic awareness and motivation. However, no relationship was found between learners’ metalinguistic awareness and proficiency. The findings also showed that multilingual learners exhibited a higher level of motivation and metalinguistic awareness than their bilingual peers.Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between the number of languages spoken by the learners and their metalinguistic awareness and motivation.

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