Multiwavelength study of the high-latitude cloud L1642: Chain of star formation

Malinen, J. and Juvela, M. and Zahorecz, Sarolta and Rivera-Ingraham, A. and Montillaud, J. and Arimatsu, K. and Bernard, J. -P. and Doi, Y. and Haikala, L. K. and Kawabe, R. and Marton, Gábor and McGehee, P. and Pelkonen, V. -M. and Ristorcelli, I. and Shimajiri, Y. and Takita, S. and Tóth, László Viktor and Tsukagoshi, T. and Ysard, N. (2014) Multiwavelength study of the high-latitude cloud L1642: Chain of star formation. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 563. ISSN 0004-6361

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Abstract

Context. L1642 is one of the two high galactic latitude (|b| > 30◦) clouds confirmed to have active star formation. Aims. We examine the properties of this cloud, especially the large-scale structure, dust properties, and compact sources in different stages of star formation. Methods. We present high-resolution far-infrared and submillimetre observations with the Herschel and AKARI satellites and millimetre observations with the AzTEC/ASTE telescope, which we combined with archive data from near- and mid-infrared (2MASS, WISE) to millimetre wavelength observations (Planck). Results. The Herschel observations, combined with other data, show a sequence of objects from a cold clump to young stellar objects at different evolutionary stages. Source B-3 (2MASS J04351455-1414468) appears to be a YSO forming inside the L1642 cloud, instead of a foreground brown dwarf, as previously classified. Herschel data reveal striation in the diffuse dust emission around the cloud L1642. The western region shows striation towards the NE and has a steeper column density gradient on its southern side. The densest central region has a bow-shock like structure showing compression from the west and has a filamentary tail extending towards the east. The differences suggest that these may be spatially distinct structures, aligned only in projection. We derive values of the dust emission cross-section per H nucleon of σe(250μm) = 0.5–1.5 ×10−25cm2/H for different regions of the cloud. Modified black-body fits to the spectral energy distribution of Herschel and Planck data give emissivity spectral index β values 1.8–2.0 for the different regions. The compact sources have lower β values and show an anticorrelation between T and β. Conclusions. Markov chain Monte Carlo calculations demonstrate the strong anticorrelation between β and T errors and the importance of millimetre wavelength Planck data in constraining the estimates. L1642 reveals a more complex structure and sequence of star formation than previously known.

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