Károlyi Gyula Gróf és Károlyi Melinda grófnő uradalmainak gazdálkodása, különös tekintettel a két világháború közötti időszakra

Fehér, György (2023) Károlyi Gyula Gróf és Károlyi Melinda grófnő uradalmainak gazdálkodása, különös tekintettel a két világháború közötti időszakra. AGRÁRTÖRTÉNETI SZEMLE, 63 (1–4). pp. 77-131. ISSN 0002-1105

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Abstract

Even though Count Gyula Károlyi played a role in Hungarian politics, such as being the country’s prime minister between 1931–32, farming was closer to his personality. After World War I only 12,000 hectares, or about 35 percent of the estates of his and his wife remained within the national borders. Despite not being among the greatest landowners with the biggest income in the country, according to professional criteria his estate was among the first ten landed properties in Hungary. The estate, with its centre in Tiborcszállás in Szabolcs County, was divided into five economic units. On the relatively low quality soil (mainly sandy, marshy and boggy) they nevertheless pursued farming of a high standard. In grain production the estate brought yields above the national average, but their highest quality product was potatoes. The property was one of the country’s best producers of seed potatoes, and also excelled in hemp and tobacco growing. The achievements in plant production were mainly the result of the professional use of manure gained from animal husbandry. Apart from cattle raising the estate achieved nationwide fame for pig breeding (Mangalitsa), especially with fat pigs, thanks to sufficient infrastructure, breed selection and feeding methods. The estate of Gyula Károlyi also excelled in the social care provided for its employees on all levels.

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