„Horgász a pácban” : A természetkárosító cselekmények és a turizmus kapcsolata = “Poacher in the net” : The relationship between environmental crime and tourism

Halász, Henrietta and Ritecz, György and Tokodi, Panna and Szalai, Katalin (2024) „Horgász a pácban” : A természetkárosító cselekmények és a turizmus kapcsolata = “Poacher in the net” : The relationship between environmental crime and tourism. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 5 (1). pp. 67-75. ISSN 2732-2688

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Abstract

A tanulmány a hazai helyzet értékelésén és néhány nemzetközi példán keresztül azt vizsgálja, hogy a turizmus régóta kutatott negatív fizikai hatásai közül a természetkárosítási esetek összefüggésbe hozhatók-e a turistákkal. A tanulmány tárgyalja a hazánk belföldi és nemzetközi turizmusához kapcsolódó, abból eredeztethető természetkárosítási tevékenységek jogi szabályozását. A szerzők a nyilvános adatok alapján – a turizmussal kapcsolatba hozható természetkárosítási cselekmények adatainak elemzése mellett – szakirodalom feldolgozásával vizsgálták, hogy a látogatók által (is) károsított természet milyen formában hat a turizmusra, van-e esély az egyensúly megteremtésére. Az eredmények nem túl kedvezőek, de a tudományos igényesség megkövetelné a további, mélyrehatóbb vizsgálatokat. | In this study, we examined the issues of the relationship between environmental crime and tourism. Based on the available database and literature, we searched for cases that are most likely to be (at least partly) related to tourism activities or the presence of visitors. The difficulty and complexity of the subject is illustrated by the fact that the forms of liability and the legal consequences of action against environmental damage can be found in constitutional, administrative, contraventional, criminal and civil law. In this article, the relevant provisions of the criminal law background have been explored and the domestic organisational system of enforcement referred to. The data analysis has been influenced by the fundamental difficulty of analysing environmental infringements and the even greater challenge of linking them to tourism activities. Based on a review of the public secondary data available in the BSR (Hungarian Crime Statistics), it can be said that their usefulness for the present topic has only partially realised, since the manner and the method of offence, and the offending behaviour are not clear from the above figures. In addition, most of the time, unintentional actions causing environmental damage are not detected. However, given the recent increase in tourist traffic in close to nature areas, monitoring and stricter punishment of damage by law is necessary in the future. The picture is further complicated by the fact that the concept of a tourist has become so broad that it is difficult to define who is a tourist and who is not. Although we were not able to determine this from the currently available public database on the basis of our initial analysis, we have identified the development of a systematic criteria system for filtering out tourists and the re-screening of data, as a further research direction. Through selected examples, court cases and national and international media coverage, we highlighted the complexity of the interrelationship and interaction between crimes against the environment and tourism. In examining the mechanisms of this feedback effect, we have highlighted the need for responsible behaviour, informed travel planning and legal awareness on the part of the tourist. A future research question is whether in tourist destinations where there is evidence of more crime against the environment (not only caused by tourists), this has an impact on the travel choices of (potential) visitors and the activities of local tourism operators.

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