Food security in the world: Disparities and opportunities by country income levels

Medina-Hernández, Edith Johana and Barco-Llerena, Evelyn and Marbello-Yepes, Kelly Johanna (2023) Food security in the world: Disparities and opportunities by country income levels. STUDIES IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 125 (3). pp. 127-135. ISSN 1418-2106 (print); 2063-0476 (online)

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Abstract

This article examines the performance of ten food security indicators across 91 countries in the world, categorised by their income levels, to identify differences and similarities. The variations and covariations observed in a multivariate way are outlined through Biplot plots that summarise the results of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show a direct link between the economic factors of the countries, food security, nutrition, and its derivatives. High-income countries are the best place for their populations to access a nutritious and quality food supply to meet the dietary energy needs needed for an active life. In contrast, low- and lower-middle-income countries still have critical indicators of the prevalence of severe or moderate food insecurity, malnutrition, and other related diseases, such as anaemia.

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