Alternatívák a rendi oktatás megszervezésére : Nemesi akadémiák és alapítási tervek a Habsburg Monarchiában a 18. század első felében = Alternatives to the organisation of education of the nobility. Knight academies and foundation plans in the Habsburg Monarchy in the first half of the 18th century

Kökényesi, Zsolt (2024) Alternatívák a rendi oktatás megszervezésére : Nemesi akadémiák és alapítási tervek a Habsburg Monarchiában a 18. század első felében = Alternatives to the organisation of education of the nobility. Knight academies and foundation plans in the Habsburg Monarchy in the first half of the 18th century. In: A rang kötelez : Rendi és rendies magatartásformák a középkortól a 20. századig. Eszterházy Károly Katolikus Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, Eger, pp. 211-239.

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Abstract

During the 16th century, there was a significant increase in the demand for education across Europe, driven by humanism, the Reformation, and the needs of the gradually growing government bureaucracy. However, schools open to the public failed to meet the noble elite’s needs. These elites were searching for specialised education and social separation, which led to the establishment of the knight academies (Ritterakademie). These academies became the typical institutions of education of the nobility in Western Europe after the Thirty Years’ War. In the Habsburg Monarchy, the first successful knight academy was established in Vienna in 1682, only a few decades later than its Western models. In the following years, numerous successful and unsuccessful plans were made to establish academies for the nobility in different parts of the Habsburg Monarchy, from Upper Austria to Moravia and the Kingdom of Hungary. The majority of these plans are known to historians (mainly Czech and Austrian), but a comparative study of them has not yet been carried out. In this paper, I will first describe in detail the academies and plans for academy foundations in the hereditary provinces of Bohemia and Austria, and, in the second part of the paper I will present some of the plans in the Kingdom of Hungary, and also look at the narrow group of Hungarian nobility who had the opportunity to study in foreign knight academies.

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