FreeListing: Insights into university students’ categorization of drinks, emotions, friendship, and success in Hungary, Jordan, and Türkiye

Nilay, Nur Taşdemir and Ahmad, Naji (2024) FreeListing: Insights into university students’ categorization of drinks, emotions, friendship, and success in Hungary, Jordan, and Türkiye. ALKALMAZOTT NYELVTUDOMÁNY, 24 (2). pp. 197-220. ISSN 1587-1061

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Abstract

This study used the freelisting method to explore the conceptualization of DRINKS, EMOTIONS, FRIENDSHIP, and SUCCESS among young adults in Hungary, Jordan, and Türkiye. A total of 180 university students aged 18-20 listed examples for each category. The findings reveal both universal and culturally specific elements, showing how cultural values shape cognitive structure. HAPPINESS, SADNESS, and LOVE are universally recognized emotions, although differences were noted. DRINKS varied, with Hungarians focusing on ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, Jordanians focusing on TRADITIONAL HOT DRINKS, and Turks mentioning both. SUCCESS was tied to ACHIEVEMENT and HAPPINESS but varied by culture in its link to FINANCIAL STABILITY in Hungary, EDUCATION in Jordan, and EMOTIONAL FULFILLMENT in Türkiye. FRIENDSHIP was universally linked to TRUST, LOVE, and HAPPINESS with cultural nuances. This study offers insights into cultural linguistics by exploring how cultural contexts shape the perception and categorization of fundamental life concepts.

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