Az EU határrendészeti együttműködése a nyugat-balkáni országokkal = EU-Western Balkans border police cooperation

Herczeg, Mónika (2024) Az EU határrendészeti együttműködése a nyugat-balkáni országokkal = EU-Western Balkans border police cooperation. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 5 (4). pp. 342-350. ISSN 3057-9759

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Abstract

A Nyugat-Balkán a migrációs folyamatok és azok társadalmi dinamikája szempontjából jelentős szerepet játszik Európa történetében. Az utóbbi évtizedekben a térség számos migrációs krízis színhelyévé vált, amelyek okai között a háborúk, a politikai instabilitás, a gazdasági nehézségek és a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek említhetők. | The Western Balkan has played a significant role in the history of Europe in terms of migration processes and their social dynamics. In recent decades, the region has been the scene of numerous migration crises caused by wars, political instability, economic difficulties and social inequalities. The Western Balkan route is not only a route to irregular migrants’ destination countries, but also a transit point for irregular migrants heading to more developed countries in Europe. The classic land route usually starts in Turkey, then continues through Greece, Northern Macedonia, Serbia and Croatia, and finally towards Western and Northern European countries. To reach their destination, migrants often cross borders irregularly and are assisted by people smugglers, creating new challenges for local authorities. Irregular migration flows have recently shown a changing trend. After the migration crisis in 2015, the number of irregular migrants arriving along the route decreased, but since 2019 it has increased again. Countries along the route are often in a vulnerable position, often unprepared to deal with the humanitarian challenges of mass migration. Infrastructural deficiencies and limited financial resources can lead to tensions in local communities, which, if escalated, could lead to social and political instability in the region, thereby negatively affecting the security of EU Member States. In order to manage irregular migration flows, prevent people smuggling and secure borders, it is essential that the Western Balkan countries strengthen their border management capacities, which the EU should support. Cooperation between the EU and the Western Balkan countries is not only important for the management of migration flows, but also contributes to the promotion of stability and development in the region. Border management cooperation between the EU and the Western Balkans has developed significantly over the last decade. At a time of migration crises and security challenges, the EU has introduced a number of measures and forms of cooperation to maintain stability and security in the region. This cooperation is based on the Stabilisation and Association Agreements (SAAs), which provide for political and economic cooperation and facilitate the gradual integration of the countries of the region into the EU. Under these agreements, the EU has provided substantial financial and technical assistance to the Western Balkan countries to improve their border management capacities. The aim of this study is to review and describe the development of border management cooperation between the EU and the Western Balkan countries over the last decade, as well as the political and legal framework for cooperation. It also examines how border management cooperation contributes to improving the security situation in the region, including border management, migration management and the fight against organised crime.

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