Multiple practice success scaffolds long-term test-enhanced learning in preschoolers

Káldi, Tamás and Szőllősi, Ágnes and Racsmány, Mihály (2025) Multiple practice success scaffolds long-term test-enhanced learning in preschoolers. CHILD DEVELOPMENT. ISSN 0009-3920 (In Press)

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Abstract

Retrieval practice is known to enhance long-term memory retention, a phenomenon termed as retrieval practice effect. Twoexperiments (NWhite = 202), showed that the effect was present in preschool age (5–6 years) and had a boundary condition,namely, amount of initial learning. Specifically, there was a considerable effect only when children reached a sufficient retrievalsuccess rate during practice as a consequence of multiple initial learning cycles. Corroborating the robustness of our findings,the effect was present for both recall (d = 0.315) and recognition (d = 0.324) and did not depend on whether the forms of retrievalwere the same or different during practice and final test. Important implications for early childhood education and developmentare discussed.

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