The Outbursting YSOs Catalogue (OYCAT)

Contreras Peña, Carlos and Lee, Jeong-Eun and Herczeg, Gregory and Johnstone, Doug and Ábrahám, Péter and Antoniucci, Simone and Audard, Marc and Ashraf, Mizna and Baek, Giseon and Caratti o Garatti, Alessio and Carvalho, Adolfo and Cieza, Lucas and Cruz-Saénz de Miera, Fernando and Eislöffel, Jochen and Froebrich, Dirk and Giannini, Teresa and Green, Joel and Ghosh, Arpan and Guo, Zhen and Hillenbrand, Lynne and Hodapp, Klaus and Jheonn, Hyunwook and Jose, Jessy and Kim, Young-Jun and Kóspál, Ágnes and Lee, Ho-Gyu and Lucas, Philip W. and Magakian, Tigran and Nagy, Zsófia and Naylor, Tim and Ninan, Joe P. and Peneva, S. and Reipurth, Bo and Scholz, Alexander and Semkov, E. and Sicilia-Aguilar, Aurora and Singh, Koshvendra and Siwak, Michal and Stecklum, Bringfried and Szabó, Zsófia Marianna and Wolf, Verena and Yoon, Sung-Yong (2025) The Outbursting YSOs Catalogue (OYCAT). JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 58 (2). pp. 209-230.

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Abstract

Young stellar objects (YSOs) can display unpredictable and high-amplitude rises in brightness that can last from a few months to possibly over 100 years. These types of outbursts are explained by large changes in the mass accretion rate from the disk onto the central star. This type of variability has given support to a model of star formation (episodic accretion) where stars would spend most of their lifetimes accreting at low rates, and gain most of their mass through these short-lived accretion outbursts. The universality of episodic accretion, as well as its potential impact on stellar and planetary formation are still under debate. Improvement on the statistics of the members of the eruptive class is needed to better understand the episodic accretion phenomenon and its universality across different mass regimes and environments. In this paper we collect published information on the spectroscopic and photometric characteristics of 174 YSOs confirmed to belong to the eruptive variable class. We classify these objects into five different sub-classes (we find 49 FUor, 20 FUor-like, 16 EX Lupi-type, 81 Peculiar/V1647 Ori-like/MNors and 8 Periodic YSOs). The classification follows what has been done previously in the literature, and it is not an attempt to redefine these classes. In addition, we present a list of 18 embedded, and 6 massive YSOs, as additional categories of eruptive variable YSOs. Due to the complexity and/or faintness of these systems, it is hard to place them into the original classification scheme of this class of variable YSOs. Finally, we present a separate list of 355 candidate eruptive variable YSOs, which either lack spectroscopic information or the available spectroscopic data is not sufficient for an unambiguous classification. The online catalogue of confirmed and candidate eruptive YSOs will be maintained and updated in the future to serve as an important reference for the star formation community.

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