Víz- és energiatakarékos precíziós mezőgazdasági vízgazdálkodás = Water and energy efficient precision agricultural water management

Tamás, János (2025) Víz- és energiatakarékos precíziós mezőgazdasági vízgazdálkodás = Water and energy efficient precision agricultural water management. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 6 (1-2). pp. 117-121. ISSN 3057-9759

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Abstract

Édesvízkészleteink a Kárpát-medencében – a világ többi tájához hasonlóan – nem állnak rendelkezésre korlátlanul és ingyenesen mezőgazdasági célokra. Az előrejelzések alapján a Kárpát-medence éghajlata középtávon a melegedés irányába tolódik el, és szárazabbá válik, így a mezőgazdálkodás kockázata tovább fog nőni. A hazai belvíz- és aszálygazdálkodási rendszerek közötti hidrológiai, irányítási kapcsolatok sokáig hiányosak voltak. Elkerülhetetlenné vált a paradigmaváltás az integrált vízgyűjtő-gazdálkodási gyakorlat megvalósításának jegyében. A precíziós mezőgazdasági vízgazdálkodás a mezőgazdasági technológiák legkorszerűbb megoldásait integrálja. Hazánkban négy évtizedes hagyománya van az autonóm lineár és körforgós szántóföldi öntözőrendszerek alkalmazásának. Nagyon jelentős auto-matizálási fejlődés ment végbe az intenzív kertészeti kultúrák öntözése területén is, ami ösztönzőleg hat a szántó földi technikákra. A publikáció röviden áttekinti a mezőgazdasági vízgazdálkodás kockázatcsökkentésének feladatait és lehetőségeit. | In the Carpathian Basin, similarly to other parts of the world, our freshwater resources are not available unlimitedly or free of charge for agricultural purposes. Based on forecasts, the climate of the Carpathian Basin will shift towards warming in the medium term and become drier, so the risk of agriculture will increase further. There was no local hydrological, control connection between the inland water and the drought management system. A paradigm shift has become inevitable, characterised by the implementation of integrated river basin management practices. The success of crop adaptation to climate change is indicated by the fact that since the amount of annual precipitation has not drastically decreased in the recent period, but agricultural yields have increased significantly, while the sensitivity of crop production has increased significantly. The locally pre-treated and reclaimed water recycling will also increase to mitigate drought risk in the future. The rigid static management practice of distributing existing water resources must also be changed and a proactive–adaptive water management scheme must be developed. With today’s IT and technical background, water storage and governance should be modified more flexibly and with shorter reaction times. The precision agricultural water management integrates state-of-the-art solutions of autonomous linear and circular field irrigation technologies. Precision technology requires significant IT support. The group operation of the machines and their organization into a fleet provides a significant efficiency advantage for the user. This assumes machine-to-machine communication, which can be implemented in cloud-based systems. Machine controlling produces a huge amount of real time data, which requires new methods of data mining. Simulation models are used for irrigation planning and operation tasks at an early stage. In this area, the reliability of software prediction has improved a lot, partly due to the complexity of the algorithms and partly due to the improvement of data quality. The previous scale dependency of hydrological calculations has been reduced, and the way of handling non-linear processes has also improved. In the case of drought and inland waters, risk assessment methods have been strengthened by the organization of Earth Observation (EO) satellite families into a system. In addition to passive EM sensors, active radar sensors and multispectral laser technologies are also playing an increasing role in agroeco-logical impact assessment. Artificial intelligence also improves current training methods, significantly reducing the risks of irrigation farming. With the adaptation of industrial BIM technologies, intelligent greenhouse and broiler farming water supply systems are already able to control their own servicing and fault control in a virtual reality environment. The publication briefly reviews the tasks and possibilities of risk reduction in agricultural water management.

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