Incompleted Decolonization : Case of Madagascar

TODISOA, Fabiola Stephanie (2025) Incompleted Decolonization : Case of Madagascar. GRADUS, 12 (2). ISSN 2064-8014

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Abstract

This paper examines the concept of 'incomplete decolonization' through the specific case of Madagascar, focusing on its historical struggle for independence from French colonial rule and the persistent territorial dispute over the surrounding islands (Îles Éparses). It highlights that while Madagascar gained independence in 1960, several strategically important islands, historically part of its colonial territory, remain under French control despite United Nations resolutions urging their return. The study delves into the theoretical underpinnings of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and international law, particularly the principle of uti possidetis juris, which dictates that newly independent states should inherit their colonial administrative borders. The paper argues that France's unilateral decision to detach these islands from Madagascar in 1960 directly contravenes this principle, illustrating a broader pattern of former colonial powers retaining influence over strategic territories post-independence. It also discusses the economic implications, noting that Madagascar's colonial economy was largely based on resource extraction, leaving it ill-prepared for self-governance and susceptible to neo-colonial exploitation. The paper proposes transitional justice mechanisms, including truth, justice, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition, to resolve this dispute and achieve full sovereignty for Madagascar. The recent return of the Chagos archipelago to Mauritius is presented as a hopeful precedent for resolving such unfinished decolonization issues through international legal pressure and diplomatic mobilization.

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