Rapid differentiation of water faecal indicators from coliforms using redox potential curves and machine learning

Yakdhane, E. and Engelhardt, T. and Kiskó, G. and Baranyai, L. (2026) Rapid differentiation of water faecal indicators from coliforms using redox potential curves and machine learning. ACTA ALIMENTARIA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, 55 (1). pp. 124-137. ISSN 0139-3006

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Abstract

Accurate and rapid identification of waterborne faecal indicators, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis , is critical for ensuring water safety. This study evaluated the use of bacterial redox potential curves as a robust approach to discriminate faecal indicators from other coliforms ( Citrobacter freundii , Enterobacter aerogenes , Klebsiella oxytoca ). Three machine learning classifiers, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), were trained on both first-order parameters and Gompertz-derived parameters.

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