Erdélyi követjárás Budán : A nemesi követelések írásba foglalása 1496-ban

W. Kovács, András (2026) Erdélyi követjárás Budán : A nemesi követelések írásba foglalása 1496-ban. ERDÉLYI MÚZEUM, 88 (1). pp. 24-39. ISSN 1453-0961

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Abstract

Transylvanian Envoys in Buda. Demands of the Nobility in 1496 The study presents a charter issued by King Vladislaus II of Hungary in Buda on June 23, 1496, and analyzes its content (National Archives of Romania, Sibiu, urkunden III/118.). With this charter, the monarch addressed the grievances presented by the envoys of the Transylvanian nobility. Ac-cording to the document, serfs were not allowed to move from noble estates to royal cities, salt chambers, or baronial estates without the permission of their landlord. The voivode was authorized to exercise jurisdiction at the courts held during the octaves of Epiphany and Saint James; short-term summons to the voivodal court were abolished, although this remained an option in lawsuits involving new land seizures, attacks on manor houses, murder, or bloodshed, provided that the complaint was made within one year of the event. The nobility was permitted to hold general as-semblies at any time, even in the absence of the voivode or vice-voivode. All nobles were obliged to pay the so-called pecunia udvarnicalis (envoy tax), collected to maintain the noble envoys sent to the royal court. In cases of damages caused to nobles by residents of privileged settlements or royal salt chambers, the voivode was responsible for providing justice if local officials failed to do so. during military campaigns, the voivode’s armies were prohibited from damaging noble estates; they were required to purchase food and fodder at market prices by agreement with the peasants. The grievances presented in 1496 were not merely momentary complaints, but represented acute, systemic problems that affected the Transylvanian nobility throughout the 15th century. While most of these issues were present at a national level, the petition also formulated specific demands regar-ding the voivode and privileged settlements stemming from Transylvania’s unique political organi-zation and its three distinct judicial systems.

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