Néhány gondolat a választójog elveiről és a választási rendszerekről

Szmodis, Jenő (2026) Néhány gondolat a választójog elveiről és a választási rendszerekről. JOG ÁLLAM POLITIKA: JOG- ÉS POLITIKATUDOMÁNYI FOLYÓIRAT, 17 (1). pp. 91-110. ISSN 2060-4580

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Abstract

The study highlights that democracy has historically been a rare phenomenon, and that the mere existence of elections does not guarantee democratic exercise of power; rather, genuine democracy can only be claimed when elections truly represent the public interest. In modern Western democracies, universal, equal, secret, and proportional suffrage gradually developed, yet electoral systems—such as single-round or two-round systems, and uniform versus decentralized procedures—significantly influence the expression of voter will. In two-round systems, the second round can limit the parliamentary representation of parties with strong first-round support (e.g., France, Front Nacional), while in single-round systems, secondary voter preferences cannot be expressed (e.g., Hungary, 2014). In federal systems, differing rules may lead to political disputes and distortions (e.g., USA, 2020), whereas mixed systems, combining single-member districts and proportional elements under a coherent national regulation, most effectively ensure proportionality and voter representation. Overall, the quality of democratic expression depends on the interplay of the electoral system, suffrage principles, and the political-historical context.

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