Biochemical characterisation and evaluation of antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities of Lactifluus vellereus

Korkmaz, A.F. and Bal, C. and Krupodorova, T. and Akata, I. and Sevindik, M. (2026) Biochemical characterisation and evaluation of antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities of Lactifluus vellereus. ACTA ALIMENTARIA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, 55 (2). pp. 384-394. ISSN 0139-3006

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Abstract

As interest in natural bioactive compounds continues to expand, basidiomycetous mushrooms have gained considerable attention as potential sources of nutraceutical and pharmacologically relevant substances. In this study, the biochemical composition and biological activities of Lactifluus vellereus (Fr.) Kuntze were comprehensively evaluated. The cap portion of the species was analysed for total carbohydrate (10.26%), total protein (3.78%), total phenolic (43.66 mg g −1 ), and total flavonoid (72.59 mg g −1 ) contents, revealing a biochemical profile enriched particularly in flavonoid and phenolic compounds. The antioxidant status of the extract was further assessed by determining total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI), which were calculated as 4.37 mmol L −1 , 10.50 μmol L −1 , and 0.24, respectively. These findings suggest a moderate antioxidant potential accompanied by a relatively elevated oxidant level. The anticholinesterase activity of the extract was examined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The IC 50 values were determined to be 62.66 μg mL −1 for AChE and 74.40 μg mL −1 for BChE, indicating limited enzyme inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the antiproliferative potential of the extract was tested on the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. The results demonstrated a significant and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, highlighting its cytotoxic potential against cancer cells. Overall, although the extract exhibited relatively weak anticholinesterase activity and moderate antioxidant activity, the high phenolic and flavonoid contents, together with the observed antiproliferative effect, suggest that L. vellereus may represent a promising natural source of bioactive compounds, warranting further mechanistic and in vivo investigations.

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