Investigation of cutting force, vibration, surface roughness, and cylindricity during turning of C45 steel

Junqueira, Inácio Manuel and Felhő, Csaba (2026) Investigation of cutting force, vibration, surface roughness, and cylindricity during turning of C45 steel. GÉP, 72 (3-4). pp. 127-132. ISSN 0016-8572

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Abstract

This study investigates cutting force, vibration acceleration, surface roughness, and geometric deviations during dry CNC turning of C45 steel (EN 1.0503). A Taguchi L9 design was implemented using cutting speeds of 160, 180, and 210 m/min, feed rates of 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mm/rev, and depths of cut of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm. Each of the nine conditions was repeated three times (27 machining trials). Force and vibration were monitored during cutting, and surface texture and geometric accuracy were evaluated after machining. The supplied nine-row results summary shows cutting force from 257.12 to 522.86 N, RMS vibration from 5.20 to 10.21 m/s², Ra from 2.90 to 9.64 µm, and cylindricity deviation from 11.23 to 20.92 µm. Maximum force and vibration occurred under condition 3, while the greatest Ra and Rz occurred under condition 7. Descriptive and exploratory correlation analyses are reported for the nine supplied summary rows; inference about withincondition repeatability requires the individual measurements from all 27 trials. The combined assessment illustrates the importance of evaluating mechanical loading, dynamics, surface texture, and form accuracy together.

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