Alapító vagy építőmester? Alapítási dombormûvek az örmény építészetben

Guzsik, Tamás (2001) Alapító vagy építőmester? Alapítási dombormûvek az örmény építészetben. Építés - Építészettudomány, 29 (3-4). pp. 253-264. ISSN 0013-9661

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Abstract

It is a not too frequently discussed but preferred theme in medieval architecture to eternize a foundation of a church on a wall painting or in relief. In most cases it is the founder or the denominator saint who holds the model of the church in his hands. The earliest mosaics of this kind can be seen in and around Ravenna from the 6th century, in the Western art it is frequent from the 12th and 13th centuries. The earliest known donation relief in Armenian architecture is that of the west facade of Aghtamar church (built between 915-921): the founder King Gaghik holding the model of the church and Christ can be seen. Several foundation reliefs had been made between the 10th and 13th century in Armenian monasteries (Haghbat, Sanahin, Haritch, Haghardsin etc.). Their themes slightly differ from the precedent of Aghtamar: among the persons surrounding (or holding) the model we cannot see Christ. One of the figures is presumably the donator, the other can be the architect. The arrangement is extraordinarily interesting on the ń since destroyed ń relief fragment found in the Gaghik church in Ani. Here the figure having a turban on his head supposed to be the master of the church named Trdat. The representation of the church models raises the question of design technique. Reliefs are often flat carved (relief en bas) while the church model is in almost every case a sculpture. There are also known Armenian examples of church-models independent of donation reliefs (e. g. Sanahin). This propounds the possible method of design by which the donator accepted the project of the church which had been realised in favour of a better understanding in the model hold by the architect.

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