Od bilingvismu k diglosii

Vašek, Aantonín (2001) Od bilingvismu k diglosii. Studia Slavica, 46 (1-2). pp. 129-142. ISSN 0039-3363

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Abstract

Bilingualism, its historical development, great diversity of its scholarly direc-tions, all presented in its functional overloading leading, a.o., to the detachment of the new notion - diglossia (J. Vergote). The correlation between bilingualism and diglossia and the question of their present mutual independence in the specialized literature (esp. - as for the tautolingual communicative situation - in Ch. A. Ferguson). The present author's vision of both the said notions, their identification and interrelation within the whole extent of the linguistic communication. The decisive dividing line between bilingualism and diglossia is then following the boundary-line between heterolingual (i.e., bilingual) and tautolingual (i.e., monolingual) communication. In such a way, the notion of bilingualism can be defined as the capability of a speaker/of the collective of speakers to communicate alternately with each other in two or more different independent languages that are cummunicatively isofunctional and can be mutually substituted. So, the communicated reality as a whole can be alternately expressed by two or more language structures. The notion of diglossia then is to be under-stood as the capability of a speaker/of the collective of speakers to communicate alternately with each other in two or more language structures that are communicatively heterofunc-tional and mutually complementary, such ones synchronically constituting together solely one communicative whole (unit). Here the communicated reality is expressed by only one communicative whole (even if materially composed of two or more components), then only once. These components can be through their origin mutually heterolingual ones, too, in synchronical communication, however, being mutually complementary, here constituting also solely one communicative whole (and thus expressing the communicated reality only once). In such a way, the hybrid diglossia comes into being.         The present author's analysis here proves that both the studied notions of bilingualism and diglossia are autonomous, and even if historically correlated, from the synchronical point of view are they mutually independent and for the linguistics both needed.

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