Effectiveness of a web-based self-help tool to reduce problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial

Boumparis, Nikolaos and Baumgartner, Christian and Malischnig, Doris and Wenger, Andreas and Achab, Sophia and Khazaal, Yasser and Keough, Matthew T. and Hodgins, David C. and Bilevicius, Elena and Single, Alanna and Haug, Severin and Schaub, Michael P. (2023) Effectiveness of a web-based self-help tool to reduce problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 12 (3). pp. 744-757. ISSN 2062-5871

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Abstract

Background and Aims Problem gambling constitutes a public health concern associated with psychopathological comorbidity, substance use, and financial difficulties. Most individuals with gambling problems avoid counseling services due to perceived stigma and their preference for self-reliance. Treatment accessibility could be improved through web-based interventions. Methods We recruited 360 individuals with gambling problems and randomized them to a web-based intervention (n = 185) or an active control group consisting of a self-help manual for problem gambling (n = 175). The primary outcome was the number of days of gambling in the last 30 days. Secondary outcomes included money spent in the last 30 days, time gambling in the last 7 days, gambling-related problems, consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, and psychopathological comorbidity measured at posttreatment and 6-month follow-up. Results The primary outcome decreased significantly for both groups, with no significant difference between the groups. There were significant group × time interactions according to the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (F = 8.83, p <0 .001), the Problem Gambling Severity Index (F = 3.54, p = 0.030), for cigarettes smoked in the last 7 days (F = 26.68, p < 0.001), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (F = 19.41, p <0 .001), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (F = 41.09, p <0 .001) favoring the intervention group. We experienced an overall high dropout rate (76%). Conclusions Win Back Control seems to be an effective low-threshold treatment option for individuals with gambling problems that might otherwise be unapproachable for outpatient treatment services. Nevertheless, the high dropout rate should be considered when interpreting the study results, as they may have introduced a degree of variability.

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