Lake Balaton as a geographical barrier for gene flow between wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Hungary

Wanjala, George and Mihalik, Bendegúz and Stéger, Viktor and Kusza, Szilvia (2017) Lake Balaton as a geographical barrier for gene flow between wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Hungary. ACTA AGRONOMICA ÓVÁRIENSIS, 58 (2). pp. 36-55. ISSN 1416-647X

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Abstract

Despite of the large number of literature on genetic diversity of Sus scrofa in Europe, little is known about the genetic differences between wild boar populations in South (Kecel-Imrehegy) and Northern parts of Lake Balaton and the effect of the Lake to gene flow. Therefore, the study aims to establish genetic variability of wild boar populations between sampling site in Veszprém and Bács-Kiskun counties and to investigate effects of Lake Balaton to gene flow. Earlier developed thirteen STR microsatellite markers were used to amplify DNA isolated from 38 samples of wild boar populations between the hunting sites of Kecel- Imrehegy and North of Balaton (18 and 20, respectively). Data analysis detected a total of 12 loci ,10 polymorphic loci, low pairwise FST value of 0.066, low mean observed and expected heterozygosity (Hobs=0.42±0.23 and Hexp= 0.41±0.23), low within population Nei’s gene diversity of 0.35 and 0.4 for North and south Balaton populations respectively. Analysis by Structure and PAST v2.17.c software’s indicated very low genetic difference between populations. From the results, the following conclusion could be made the two studied populations were genetically similar between and within populations. This point out significant level of gene flow between the populations despite being separated by Balaton and a long distance (150km apart) showing that Lake Balaton did not have effect on gene flow. Low pairwise FST value indicated that the geographical distance has not caused genetic difference.

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