First Experimental Application of DNALayered Salmonid Alphavirus-Based Replicon Vaccine in Non-Salmonid Fish : Induced Early Semi-Specific Protection against Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV) in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Abonyi, Flóra and Eszterbauer, Edit and Baska, Ferenc and Hardy, Tímea and Doszpoly, Andor (2024) First Experimental Application of DNALayered Salmonid Alphavirus-Based Replicon Vaccine in Non-Salmonid Fish : Induced Early Semi-Specific Protection against Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV) in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). ANIMALS, 14 (18). No. 2698. ISSN 2076-2615

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Abstract

Our study demonstrates the first application of the salmonid alphavirus-based replicon vector system (pSAV) as a DNA vaccine in a non-salmonid fish species, in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). SAV replicon encoding the glycoprotein of the SVCV was used as a DNA-layered plasmid, and its efficacy was compared with a previously described conventional DNA vaccine construct (pcDNA3.1 based vector) and with a control group (pcDNA3.1-empty-plasmid) in an SVCV challenge at a water temperature of 14 ± 1 ◦C. Vaccine prototypes were administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.1 µg/g of fish (n = 25 per group). The DNA-layered SAV replicon resulted in 88% survival, compared to around 50% in all other groups. The DNA-layered pSAV vaccination induced the innate immune genes at the injection site, and increased IgM upregulation was also observed. Our preliminary results show that the SAV-based replicon construct may serve as a potential vaccine candidate for the protection of non-salmonid fish in the future provided that further clinical and field trials confirm its efficiency.

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