Schütz, Oszkár and Maróti, Zoltán and Tihanyi, Balázs and Kiss P., Attila and Nyerki, Emil and Gînguță, Alexandra and Kiss, Petra and Varga, Gergely István and Kovács, Bence and Maár, Kitti and Kovacsóczy, Bernadett Ny and Lukács, Nikoletta and Major, István and Marcsik, Antónia and Patyi, Eszter and Szigeti, Anna and Tóth, Zoltán and Walter, Dorottya and Wilhelm, Gábor and Andrási, Réka Cs and Bernert, Zsolt and Kis, Luca and Oța, Liana and Pálfi, György and Pintye, Gábor and Pópity, Dániel and Simalcsik, Angela and Soficaru, Andrei Dorian and Spekker, Olga and Varga, Sándor and Neparáczki, Endre and Török, Tibor (2025) Unveiling the origins and genetic makeup of the "forgotten people" : A study of the Sarmatian-period population in the Carpathian Basin. CELL, 188 (15). pp. 4074-4090. ISSN 0092-8674
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Abstract
The nomadic Sarmatians dominated the Pontic Steppe from the 3rd century BCE and the Great Hungarian Plain from 50 CE until the Huns' 4th-century expansion. In this study, we present a large-scale genetic analysis of 156 genomes from 1st- to 5th-century Hungary and the Carpathian foothills. Our findings reveal minor East Asian ancestry in the Carpathian Basin (CB) Sarmatians, distinguishing them from other regional populations. Using F4 statistics, qpAdm, and identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis, we show that CB Sarmatians descended from Steppe Sarmatians originating in the Ural and Kazakhstan regions, with Romanian Sarmatians serving as a possible genetic bridge between the two groups. We also identify two previously unknown migration waves during the Sarmatian era and a notable continuity of the Sarmatian population into the Hunnic period despite a smaller influx of Asian-origin individuals. These results shed new light on Sarmatian migrations and the genetic history of a key population neighboring the Roman Empire.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, 1041, Hungary Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6725, Hungary Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary Katona József Museum, Kecskemet, 6000, Hungary Hungarian National Museum, Department of Archaeology, Budapest, 1088, Hungary International Radiocarbon AMS Competence and Training Center (INTERACT), HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, 4026, Hungary Isotoptech Zrt., Debrecen, 4026, Hungary Department of Archaeology, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6722, Hungary István Dobó Castle Museum, Eger, 3300, Hungary Türr István Museum, Baja, 6500, Hungary Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, 1083, Hungary “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, Bucharest, 010667, Romania Móra Ferenc Museum, Szeged, 6720, Hungary “Olga Necrașov” Center of Anthropological Research, Romanian Academy - Iași Branch, Iași, 700481, Romania Department of Paleoanthropology, “Francisc J. Rainer” Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, 050711, Romania Ancient and Modern Human Genomics Competence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary Export Date: 25 June 2025; Correspondence Address: T. Török; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary; email: torokt@bio.u-szeged.hu; CODEN: CELLB |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | MIGRATION; population genetics; archaeogenetics; imputation; Roman period; ancIBD; |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation / földrajz, antropológia, kikapcsolódás > GN Anthropology / embertan, fizikai antropológia Q Science / természettudomány > QH Natural history / természetrajz > QH426 Genetics / genetika, örökléstan |
| SWORD Depositor: | MTMT SWORD |
| Depositing User: | MTMT SWORD |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Sep 2025 12:52 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2025 12:52 |
| URI: | https://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/225357 |
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