The Restitution of Agricultural Land During the Political Regime Change and its Effects on Hungarian Property Relations Today

Csák, Csilla and Hornyák, Zsófia (2024) The Restitution of Agricultural Land During the Political Regime Change and its Effects on Hungarian Property Relations Today. AGRÁR- ÉS KÖRNYEZETJOG / JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, 19 (37). pp. 75-100. ISSN 3058-0447

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Abstract

In Hungary after World War II, the system of large estates was abolished and private peasant ownership was established. The peasant strata’s desire for land was therefore satisfied within the framework of a micro- and smallholder structure. During the period of collectivisation, the possibility of using peasant land practically disappeared, and the collective use of peasant private property took place within the framework of the producer cooperative system. From the 1960s until the period of the regime change, the cooperative model became dominant in terms of agricultural production. The political regime change of 1989/90 and the associated economic transformation also meant that the system of large-scale cooperative land use was dismantled and lands under cooperative ownership and partly state ownership were privatised. Part of this process was the provision of compensation, which primarily meant state reparation for unjust property deprivations (including land ownership) in the period between 1939 and 1967. This also had negative aspects in terms of the concept of reparations, which did not strengthen the market economy character of agricultural activity and agricultural holdings.

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