Freshwater Pollution by Plastics – Transboundary Pollution and Liability

Jimramovský, Petr (2025) Freshwater Pollution by Plastics – Transboundary Pollution and Liability. AGRÁR- ÉS KÖRNYEZETJOG / JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, 20 (39). pp. 169-204. ISSN 3058-0447

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Abstract

This study examines the environmental and health risks posed by microplastics and plastics and analyses the existing legal framework addressing their impact. Microplastics are widespread pollutants affecting water sources, ecosystems, and potentially human health. Their presence in the freshwater and marine environments disrupts biodiversity, contaminates drinking water, and introduces toxic substances into food chains. Despite growing concerns, regulation remains challenging due to their mobility and persistence, as well as the lack of relevant data. This article thus analyses the legal liability for plastic pollution in view of international, European, and Czech environmental law. It also evaluates whether current regulations address the threats posed by microplastics adequately and explores possible legal measures to enhance environmental protection and liability.

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