Elsődleges nyersanyag-feldolgozás nyomai a szeletai kvarcporfír lelőhelyén (Bükkszentlászló) = Primary processing of the Raw Material in the Site of Szeletian Quartz-Porphyry (Bükkszentlászló, Hungary)

Szolyák, Péter (2011) Elsődleges nyersanyag-feldolgozás nyomai a szeletai kvarcporfír lelőhelyén (Bükkszentlászló) = Primary processing of the Raw Material in the Site of Szeletian Quartz-Porphyry (Bükkszentlászló, Hungary). A HERMAN OTTÓ MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE, 50. pp. 47-66. ISSN 0544-4225

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Abstract

Északkelet-Magyarország középső és felső paleolitikumának egyik leggyakoribb kőeszköz- nyersanyaga a szeletai/üveges kvarcporfír (=metariolit), melynek gyűjtési helyét még 1963-ban publikálta Vértes László és Tóth Lajos. Az általuk megjelölt területen, annak ellenére, hogy e nyersanyagnak regionálisan ez az egyetlen előfordulása, közel fél évszázadig nem találták elsődleges kőfeldolgozás nyomait. A tanulmány négy, a Kaán Károly-forrás közelében előkerült leletet ismertet, melyek bizonyítják, hogy a gyűjtött nyersanyagot az őskőkori ember már a forrás területén előkészítette szállításra és további feldolgozásra. | Bükkszentlászló is the only one source region of a very important Palaeolithic raw material. This material is the szeletian quartz-porphyry, which was used for knapping stone tools from the Middle Palaeolithic mainly in North-eastern Hungary. Traces of prehistoric mining activities, archaeological finds, objects, strata or phenomena indicating to settling have not been found on the source region yet. On the territory, there has not been registered archaeological site up to this day. The author found four pieces of knapped stone tools in the valley of the stream of Tatár-árok nearby the Spring of Kaán Károly in 2010 and 2011. All of them are stray finds without archaeological contexts. Their raw materials are the szeletian quartz-porphyry. They were registered to the Archaeological Collection of Herman Ottó Museum in Miskolc. Although, giving an exact determination of the cultural relationship is not possible, we could make detailed description and technological analyzes of the finds. They are fit to the different station of the chaîne opératoire (1. raw material procurement, 2. preparation, 3. making blanks (débitage), 4. making tools (façonnage), 5. use 6. rejection). The find No. 2011.37.1. is a flake with unilinear retouch on the ventral side. Its blank was probably detached during the flaking of a bifacial tool. (ch. op. 4.) The item No. 2011.37.2. is a large flake with cortex. It represents the first part of the chaîne opératoire (2. and 3.). The bifacial tool (No. 2011.37.3.) is an interesting piece. It is an incomplete or waste tool, which is rather hand-axe-like than leaf-shaped scraper. The very rough shaping may be the outcome of the bad quality raw material. (ch. op. 4. and 6.) Its analogies are probably in the Bábonyian and Szeletian cultures, but we cannot give detailed typological analysis until finding more similar tools from Bükkszentlászló. The fourth find (No. 2011.37.4.) is a unidirectional core with blade debitage. The core was hardly exploited. The scars are ended in hinge- or break-type knapping accidents. It has possible analogies in the assemblage of the Herman Ottó Cave, which is represented the Aurignacian and Gravettian.

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