Vízimadár anyagforgalmi guildek

Oláh, János Ifj (2003) Vízimadár anyagforgalmi guildek. MAGYAR VÍZIVAD KÖZLEMÉNYEK, 10. pp. 381-423. ISSN 1416-1389

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Abstract

Because of its natural facilities, the Carpathian-basin was rich in shallow waters, offering a wide selection of breeding and feeding habitats for breeding and migrating waterbirds. The landscape of our Great Plain has, nevertheless, considerably changed in the past 150 years, and the area of shallow still waters has been reduced. Their protection and restoration is therefore an important task of the national nature and environment conservation. The number of migrating waders, ducks, geese, cranes, gulls can be so high that they significantly influence the metabolism and water quantity of these waters. Despite this, and the richness of fauna research, their role in the formation of the structure and functioning of our shallow waters has been hardly examined. The study of their effects can be significantly facilitated by the elaboration of a concept of waterbird trophic guilds, the survey and/or literature review of the quantity parameters of the important domestic guilds and the demonstration of the applicability of results. To this end, we have given a review of the notion of key species and the formation of the concept of guild, its development and expansion in ecology, its application to bird populations and finally, the use of guilds in population management and nature conservation. The metabolic activity of waterbirds and its role in the metabolism of water are determined by their nourishment, defecation types, and mechanical movements. We divided their activity into 3 guild groups and 9 guilds. The transporters increase or decrease the trophic state with nourishment taken from outside (to the system) or from inside (out of the system). The guild group accelerating catabolism accelerates the organic breakdown inside the lake with their digestion and breathing. The guild that causes bioturbation accelerates the recycling the energy and nutrients directly with their metabolism and indirectly with their mechanical activity. We have classified the 165 Hungarian waterbird species into the 9 trophic guilds. The guild that causes bioturbation accelerates the recycling of the energy and nutrients directly with their metabolism and indirectly with their mechanical activity. We have classified the 165 Hungarian waterbird species into the 9 trophic guilds. To measure guild activity, we counted the frequency of defecation, the daily rhythm of food intake and the pecking, poking, digging activity of the guild that causes bioturbation with a telescopic method. We measured the mechanical metabolism accelerating and the gas producing effect of the pecking/poking with acoustic infrared gas-measuring equipment. With the help of our measured data and the synthesis of literature, we have compiled the quantity tables of metabolic guilds that can be used for later works. We have demonstrated the applicability of the quantity tables for the nature conservation treatment of the metabolic activity of waterbirds in our shallow waters with the case studies of the Fehér-tó at Kardoskút and the Fishpond at Horvátpuszta

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