A migráció digitalizációja és az állami kontroll átalakulása az Európai Unióban

Bartkó, Róbert and Kelemen, Roland (2026) A migráció digitalizációja és az állami kontroll átalakulása az Európai Unióban. JOG ÁLLAM POLITIKA: JOG- ÉS POLITIKATUDOMÁNYI FOLYÓIRAT, 2026 (2). pp. 95-108. ISSN 2060-4580

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Abstract

In recent years, the dynamics of irregular migration in the EU have increasingly been mediated by digital infrastructures, primarily smartphones, social media platforms, and encrypted messaging apps. Embedding in cyberspace creates opportunities for obtaining information, maintaining contacts, and organizing at the irregular level of migration, thus institutionalizing the phenomenon, while also strengthening the control exercised by the authorities (e.g., through the development of biometric systems, surveillance). The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between irregular migration and cyberspace in the context of trends visible at the EU’s external borders after 2020, and it examines three main research questions: (1) How can we interpret the digitalisation of irregular migration; (2) How do digital channels influence the human smuggling networks; and (3) How do the digitalization affect EU’s border control tools and measures? Based on the results of the study, digital tools have become the operating system of migration, accelerating the flow of information and coordination, while increasing exposure to exploitation and surveil- lance. At the same time, the interoperable database ecosystem creates a concentrated risk in the area of cyber resilience.

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