Case studies of micro-meteorological wind simulations and turbulence analysis in Hong Kong during severe tropical storm Wutip in June 2025

Lo, Ka Wai and Lai, Kai Kwong and Chan, Pak Wai (2026) Case studies of micro-meteorological wind simulations and turbulence analysis in Hong Kong during severe tropical storm Wutip in June 2025. IDŐJÁRÁS / QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE HUNGARIAN METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE, 130 (3). pp. 225-244. ISSN 0324-6329

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Abstract

Micrometeorological studies of a bridge and the urban area of Hong Kong under south to southwesterly winds associated with tropical cyclone Wutip in June 2025 were conducted using computational fluid dynamic simulation driven by a mesoscale model. For mean winds, such as 1-min or 10-min averages (as in the application to road traffic management on a bridge), the use of mesoscale meteorological models alone may be sufficient to capture the general wind trend, since the RMSEs of the mean wind speeds were comparable and mostly in the range of 1–5 m s⁻¹. However, if fluctuations in winds are considered and turbulence intensity is a concern for operation (such as the operation of drones in low-altitude economic activities), the coupling of mesoscale meteorological models with computational fluid dynamics models must be considered. However, the measured turbulence intensity could be rather high (40–50% for turbulence intensity), which may not be achieved with mesoscale coupled computational fluid dynamic models. Numerous issues remain to be resolved for this type of micro-meteorological studies, especially for studies and applications in urban meteorology. Future directions for these studies are also discussed.

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