Nagy széltippant (Apera spica-venti) tartalmazó széna fogyasztásával összefüggő szájüregi elváltozások egy lóállományban = Oral lesions associated with the consumption of hay containing Apera spica-venti in a horse herd

Cserhalmi, Dániel and Laky, Enikő and Péli, Evelin Ramóna (2026) Nagy széltippant (Apera spica-venti) tartalmazó széna fogyasztásával összefüggő szájüregi elváltozások egy lóállományban = Oral lesions associated with the consumption of hay containing Apera spica-venti in a horse herd. MAGYAR ÁLLATORVOSOK LAPJA, 148 (10). pp. 579-585. ISSN 0025-004X (nyomtatott); 3003-9924 (elektronikus)

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Abstract

A szerzők közleményükben bemutatják, hogy egy Nógrád vármegyei lovarda 14 lovából 11 esetében alakultak ki szájüregi nyálkahártya-elváltozások, fokozott nyálzás és egyes esetekben hasmenés új széna etetését követően. A botanikai vizsgálatok a szénában és a szájüregből vett mintákban nagy széltippan (Apera spica-venti) jelenlétét igazolták. A tüneteket valószínűleg a növény érdes szálkái által okozott mechanikai irritáció idézte elő. A takarmány cseréjét követően specifikus kezelés nélkül valamennyi állat meggyógyult. Az eset rámutat a széna botanikai összetételének vizsgálatában rejlő megelőzési lehetőségekre. | Oral lesions caused by toxic plants are well documented in horses; however, less attention has been paid to mechanical injuries associated with the consumption of contaminated hay. In March 2025, oral mucosal lesions were observed in 11 of 14 horses housed in a riding stable in Nógrád County, Hungary. Clinical signs developed shortly after the introduction of a new batch of hay and included excessive salivation, gingival and oral mucosal inflammation, and, in the most severe cases, ulcerative lesions. Mild diarrhea was also observed in some affected animals. No abnormalities were detected in the general clinical parameters. Samples were collected from the oral cavities of the affected horses and from the hay suspected to be associated with the outbreak. Botanical analyses were performed at the Department of Botany of the University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest. The presence of loose silky-bent (Apera spica-venti) was confirmed both in the hay samples and in the material collected from the oral cavity. Hairy calyces of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) were also identified, although no other potentially toxic plant species were detected. Quantitative analysis of the botanical composition was not performed. Clinical observations suggested that the lesions were caused by mechanical irritation of the oral mucosa by the rough awns and other epidermal structures of A. spica-venti. Following the immediate removal of the hay and its replacement with hay free of the species, the clinical signs gradually resolved without specific treatment. Diarrhea disappeared within three days, while oral lesions healed within one to two weeks depending on their severity. This case highlights the importance of considering mechanically irritating plant species as a cause of oral disease in horses. The findings also emphasize the value of botanical examination of hay before feeding, as routine assessment of species composition may contribute to the prevention of forage-related health disorders and improve equine welfare.

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