Donkey welfare (equus asinus) in contemporary husbandry systems

Kučinac, Marija and Baban, Mirjana and Mijić, Pero and Prlić, Petra and Ristić, Tihana (2026) Donkey welfare (equus asinus) in contemporary husbandry systems. DANUBIAN ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES, 11 (1). pp. 21-28. ISSN 2498-5910

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Abstract

The welfare of donkeys (Equus asinus) in contemporary husbandry systems is shaped by the interaction of biological, behavioural, and environmental factors. Their evolutionary adaptation to arid environments has led to high metabolic efficiency and specific behavioural traits that may become risk factors under modern conditions. Abundant feeding and reduced activity often result in metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipemia, increasing the risk of laminitis and compromised welfare. Assessment is complicated by their stoic nature, as donkeys rarely show clear signs of pain. Therefore, traditional evaluation methods are often insufficient, requiring objective approaches based on subtle behavioural changes, body condition, and physiological indicators. Integrated assessment enables early detection and prevention of chronic disorders. Environmental conditions are also critical. Despite their perceived resilience, donkeys are sensitive to moisture and low temperatures, while poor housing increases the risk of respiratory and hoof diseases. The shift from working roles to milk production, tourism, and therapy introduces additional challenges, including reduced activity and increased stress. Improving welfare requires species-specific management and better education of owners. In conclusion, donkey welfare depends on an integrated approach combining scientific knowledge, objective assessment, and management aligned with species-specific needs.

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