Vázlat a magyar honfoglalás Kárpát-medencei hátteréről

Szabados, György (2016) Vázlat a magyar honfoglalás Kárpát-medencei hátteréről. In: Népek és kultúrák a Kárpát-medencében. Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum (MNM), Budapest, pp. 629-648. ISBN 978-615-5209-56-7

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Abstract

By the end of the 9 th century the hungarian Conquest changed radically the political surface of Central europe. that’s why this process has been discussed for a long time and from many aspects. the humble aim of this paper is to frame this process from the aspect of the reception area, facing the lack of primary sources and the diversity of their interpretations. the Avar Khaganate collapsed after 822. What happened with its population? extincted, assimilated or survived? What does it mean „Avar” after the Avar Period? From the ethnic aspects the Avar Khaganate was not a homogeneous empire. even those people who’s ancestors came from the steppe had different ethnic origins. After the Avar Conquest (568) two waves of immigration reached the Carpathian Basin: Kutrigurs (ca. 595) and Onogurs (ca. 670) moved in. Moreover the Avar state had Slavonic inhabitants, too. Some scholars asserts that after the end of the Avar Period the surviving Avars were assimilated by Slavs, but the facts and circumstances confute this theory. On the one hand there were no power to force the Avars to change their own identity. Bulgaria possessed only a small south-eastern region of the Carpathian Basin, the „Great Moravian empire” had never existed: this term was born by misinterpretation of term „Megale Moravia” which actually means ’elder Mora - via’. On the other hand several Avars can be identified in the written sources during the 860s and even after. While in 863 their western group turned to Christianity in Pannonia, the first hungarian raids attacked the eastern Frank empire in 862. this year probably means the starting phase of the hungarian Conquest. It is quite important to emphasize that there is no data for conflicts between Avars and hungarians. On contrary: while the new conquerors attacked Bulgaria, elder Moravia and Karinthia, their attitude was peaceful towards the Avars. this is one of the aspects that helps us to understand, how could the hungarian Great Principality occupy and reorganize so easily the Carpathian Basin by the end of the 9 th century.

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