Betelepülés vagy betelepítés? Az orosz lakosság kérdése a Szovjetunió balti köztársaságaiban 1945 és 1991 között = Spontaneous Immigration or Government-Directed Settlement? The Question of the Russian Population in the Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991

Nagy, Anna Lúcia (2023) Betelepülés vagy betelepítés? Az orosz lakosság kérdése a Szovjetunió balti köztársaságaiban 1945 és 1991 között = Spontaneous Immigration or Government-Directed Settlement? The Question of the Russian Population in the Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991. RUSSIANSTUDIES.HU, 5 (1). pp. 239-254. ISSN 2677-0660

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Abstract

This study examines the social processes that took place in the Baltic republics of the Soviet Union, with a special focus on the relationship between the local population and the Russian immigrants settling in the Baltic republics during the Soviet era. The immigrating Russian-speaking population rapidly reduced the proportion of local ethnicities within the population of Estonia and Latvia. Most of the new settlers did not assimilate into the local culture, nor did they acquire the local language. Lithuania, however, saw immigration on a smaller scale. The Soviet administration undoubtedly encouraged and supported migration into the Baltic republics from other republics. Immigration was also encouraged by the generally higher living standards the Baltics were well-known for. This increase in the Russian population meant the local inhabitants had to adapt to the Soviet political and social conditions. Although, in terms of the number of ethnically mixed marriages, the Baltic republics were in the middle range within the Soviet Union with regard to contact between ethnicities, antagonisms persisted, and the resulting problems continue to impact both Baltic societies and the relationship between Russia and the Baltic states to this day.

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