A vallásszabadság és az államnacionalizmus kapcsolata a Román Királyság 1866. évi és 1923. évi Alkotmányaiban

Fazakas, Zoltán József (2023) A vallásszabadság és az államnacionalizmus kapcsolata a Román Királyság 1866. évi és 1923. évi Alkotmányaiban. In: Hagyomány, Identitás, Történelem 2022. Reformáció Öröksége (10). Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Hittudományi Kar Egyháztörténeti Kutatóintézet, Budapest, pp. 377-396.

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Abstract

The freedom of conscience and religion was the original model of minority protection in international law. With the emergence of the nation-state ideal, this model later became the example for the protection of national minorities, but in the new nation states created after the First World War, the minority protection was at odds with the nationalist policies of those states. In the 19th century, Romania gained its independence as a nation state, but the international law already required the protection of religious minorities. Romania formally fulfilled this obligation but maintained the dominant role of the Orthodox Church throughout. After World War I, Romania became a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state, however, its nationalist policy remained unchanged and upheld the leading role of the Romanian Orthodox Church as an element of this policy. Minorities, including religious minorities, were subjects to a discriminatory policy by the Romanian state, which allowed religious freedom to be subordinated to the idea of a homogeneous nation state. Based on the examination of the first two constitutions of the Kingdom of Romania, this paper presents the legal relationship between nationalism and the nation-state.

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