Az 1967. évi földtörvény keletkezésének a története

Luka, Dániel (2023) Az 1967. évi földtörvény keletkezésének a története. AGRÁRTÖRTÉNETI SZEMLE, 64 (1-4). pp. 205-224. ISSN 0002-1105

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Abstract

In the decades following the announcement of collectivization, several attempts were made to create a land law in Hungary. This study examines the legal history of one of the products of this legislative process, namely Law No. 4 of 1967. During the “new course”, the preparation of a new civil code began, simultaneously with the intention to promulgate a land law and a new cooperative law. Settling land ownership and land use relations was on the agenda during the partial restoration of private property and during and after mass collectivization. The possibility to guarantee private land ownership via legislation to ensure agricultural production became a serious issue in agricultural policy. Furthermore, the ideological limits of the communist party could have been stretched if the property types would have been extended by allowing cooperatives to own land already in the 1950s. From the “new course” onwards, the disagreements intensified not just in agricultural policy, but in legal- and agricultural theory as well. From 1956 across mass collectivization, the preparation of a cooperative and a land law was again on the agenda with some pauses. In the 1960s, the cooperative land ownership was institutionalized as part of the agrarian and economic mechanism reform. Although this achievement served the interest of the cooperatives by breaking through dogmatic principles, the completed land law caused significant changes in land rights and structure, while reduced the importance of private property. The envisaged transformation was thus gradual and resolved the more than a decade old cooperative problem related to land demands of the peasantry.

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