Élelmiszer-biztonsági kockázatok a globalizálódó turizmus és vendéglátás árnyékában = Food safety risks in the shadow of globalized tourism and hospitality

Lugasi, Andrea and Kiss, Kornélia (2024) Élelmiszer-biztonsági kockázatok a globalizálódó turizmus és vendéglátás árnyékában = Food safety risks in the shadow of globalized tourism and hospitality. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 5 (1). pp. 31-40. ISSN 2732-2688

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Abstract

A Covid–19-világjárvány megfékezésére bevezetett korlátozások és utazási tilalmak szinte egyik napról a másikra lehetetlenítették el a turizmust. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy az Európai Élelmiszer-biztonsági Hatóság (EFSA) jelentése alapján képet adjon az utazáshoz kapcsolódó, élelmiszer-eredetű megbetegedésekről. A Covid–19 miatti korlátozások enyhítése és a konszolidálódó turizmus következtében 2022-ben az utazással összefüggő – állatról emberre terjedő, élelmiszer-eredetű – megbetegedések száma az előző évhez képest növekedést mutatott, a két legjelentősebb megbetegedés esetében azonban a világjárvány kitörése előtti szintnek csak nagyjából felét érte el. Tanulmányunkból a négy legjelentősebb fertőzés esetében az utazással összefüggő megbetegedések és a megbetegedésekben érintettek származási országai is kirajzolódnak. | Globally, around 600 million people fall ill every year from eating contaminated food, and tourists are not spared. Safety is an important factor in a tourist’s travel decision, including local epidemics, safe water, food and drink. In the tourism and hospitality sector, the existence and compliance with strict food safety and hygiene requirements is of utmost importance. In the absence of strict regulation or consistent monitoring, foodborne diseases and infections often occur, which can affect both local consumers and tourists, and can have a significant impact not only on the reputation and credibility of the business, but of the destination, as well. The aim of this study is to provide a picture of the travel-related foodborne outbreaks in the European Union following Covid-19, based on the latest European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) joint zoonoses report 2023. While this report provides an opportunity to analyse the evolution of foodborne outbreaks, it is of limited use for assessing food safety risks associated with tourism due to gaps in data collection and reporting by responsible bodies. However, if we look beyond foodborne diseases, the data clearly identify areas outside Europe, which are frequently visited by tourists, where tourists are at increased risk from microbiological pathogens. Zoonotic agents such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium, Lysteria monocytogenes and Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli analysed in this study pose a significant public health risk. According to EFSA and ECDC data, the number and proportion of travel-related illnesses increased in 2022 following the removing of Covid-19 restrictions. For campylobacteriosis, around six tenths of infections were linked to travel within the European Union, with travellers mainly becoming infected in Mediterranean countries. For salmonellosis, slightly more than 60.0% were travel-related illnesses, and for listeriosis (65.0%) and E. coli (70.0%) an even higher proportion of infections were linked to travel within the European Union. Within the European Union, most travel-associated cases of campylobacteriosis and E. coli came from Spain, Greece, Italy and Croatia. Turkey and Morocco were the most common sources of travel-related cases of campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis and listeriosis from outside the European Union. Thailand, Indonesia and India were the main countries of origin for campylobacteriosis, Egypt and Thailand for salmonellosis and Egypt for E. coli. Most travel-associated campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis infections of known origin occurred in Finland, Sweden and Denmark, whereas E. coli occurred in Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland. Unsafe food has a negative impact on human health. In order to prevent the spread of travel-related zoonoses, increased attention to food safety and hygiene by travellers and the food industry is needed, but companies and organisations involved in outbound and inbound travel can also do much to prevent the spread of infections.

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