Sacred Flames: the Burning of Quran in the Context of Free Speech

Lendvai, Gergely Ferenc and Gosztonyi, Gergely (2025) Sacred Flames: the Burning of Quran in the Context of Free Speech. RELIGION AND HUMAN RIGHTS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 20 (1). pp. 19-38. ISSN 1871-031X

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Abstract

The study aims to add to the discourse on Quran burning via examining its legal and sociopolitical dimensions. We analyse the ECtHR case law, and policy debates to understand the liaison between individual freedoms, religious rights, different cultural values, and societal norms. Findings highlight that Quran burning, often “framed” as free speech, causes challenges in protecting individual rights and public order. Although, the ECtHR’s doctrinal reasonings can be applied to Quran burning, there are still deep-rooted issues in Europe especially in terms of outdated blasphemy laws, contradictory national legislation, and the lack of guiding standards. The article identifies gaps in policy frameworks, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches that uphold freedom of expression while mitigating societal polarization. The study proposes policy recommendations to ease the tensions between free speech and religious respect. Our findings provide a foundation for future comparative research in addressing “symbolic” provocations and their implications.

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